SYNOPSIS
'git send-email' [<options>] (<file>|<directory>)...
'git send-email' [<options>] <format-patch-options>
'git send-email' --dump-aliases
'git send-email' --translate-aliases
DESCRIPTION
Takes the patches given on the command line and emails them out. Patches can be specified as files, directories (which will send all files in the directory), or directly as a revision list. In the last case, any format accepted by git-format-patch(1) can be passed to git send-email, as well as options understood by git-format-patch(1).
電子メールのヘッダーは、コマンドラインオプションを使用して構成できます。 コマンドラインで指定されていない場合、ReadLine対応のインターフェイスでユーザーが必要な情報を提供するためのプロンプトが表示されます。
パッチファイルに使用できる形式は2つあります:
-
mbox形式ファイル
これは、 git-format-patch(1) が生成するものです。 ほとんどのヘッダーとMIMEフォーマットは無視されます。
-
The original format used by Greg Kroah-Hartman’s
send_lots_of_email.plscriptThis format expects the first line of the file to contain the
Cc:value and theSubject:of the message as the second line.
OPTIONS
電子メール作成
-
--annotate -
送信しようとしている各パッチを確認して編集します。 デフォルトは
sendemail.annotateの値です。 `sendemail.multiEdit`の「CONFIGURATION」セクションを参照してください。 -
--bcc=<address>,... -
Specify a
Bcc:value for each email. Default is the value ofsendemail.bcc.このオプションは複数回指定できます。
-
--cc=<address>,... -
Specify a starting
Cc:value for each email. Default is the value ofsendemail.cc.このオプションは複数回指定できます。
-
--compose -
テキストエディタ(git-var(1)の GIT_EDITOR 参照)を呼び出して、パッチシリーズの紹介メッセージ(introductory message)を編集します。
When
--composeis used,gitsend-emailwill use theFrom,To,Cc,Bcc,Subject,Reply-To, andIn-Reply-Toheaders specified in the message. If the body of the message (what you type after the headers and a blank line) only contains blank (orGit:prefixed) lines, the summary won’t be sent, but the headers mentioned above will be used unless they are removed.Missing
FromorIn-Reply-Toheaders will be prompted for.sendemail.multiEditの「CONFIGURATION」セクションを参照してください。 -
--from=<address> -
Specify the sender of the emails. If not specified on the command line, the value of the
sendemail.fromconfiguration option is used. If neither the command-line option norsendemail.fromare set, then the user will be prompted for the value. The default for the prompt will be the value ofGIT_AUTHOR_IDENT, orGIT_COMMITTER_IDENTif that is not set, as returned bygitvar-l. -
--reply-to=<address> -
Specify the address where replies from recipients should go to. Use this if replies to messages should go to another address than what is specified with the
--fromparameter. -
--in-reply-to=<identifier> -
最初のメール(または
--no-thread指定の全てのメール)を、指定の Message-ID への応答(reply)として表示します。これにより、スレッドが壊れて新しいパッチシリーズが提供されるのを防ぎます。 2回目以降のメールは、--[no-]chain-reply-to設定に従って返信(reply)として送信されます。そのため、例えば
--threadと--no-chain-reply-toを指定すると、以下のように [PATCHv20/3] が [PATCH0/2] に対する返信になるように、2番目以降のパッチは最初のパッチへの返信になります:[PATCH 0/2] Here is what I did... [PATCH 1/2] Clean up and tests [PATCH 2/2] Implementation [PATCH v2 0/3] Here is a reroll [PATCH v2 1/3] Clean up [PATCH v2 2/3] New tests [PATCH v2 3/3] ImplementationOnly necessary if
--composeis also set. If--composeis not set, this will be prompted for. -
--outlook-id-fix -
--no-outlook-id-fix -
Microsoft Outlook SMTP servers discard the Message-ID sent via email and assign a new random Message-ID, thus breaking threads.
With
--outlook-id-fix,gitsend-emailuses a mechanism specific to Outlook servers to learn the Message-ID the server assigned to fix the threading. Use it only when you know that the server reports the rewritten Message-ID the same way as Outlook servers do.Without this option specified, the fix is done by default when talking to smtp.office365.com or smtp-mail.outlook.com. Use
--no-outlook-id-fixto disable even when talking to these two servers. -
--subject=<string> -
Specify the initial subject of the email thread. Only necessary if
--composeis also set. If--composeis not set, this will be prompted for. -
--to=<address>,... -
Specify the primary recipient of the emails generated. Generally, this will be the upstream maintainer of the project involved. Default is the value of the
sendemail.toconfiguration value; if that is unspecified, and--to-cmdis not specified, this will be prompted for.このオプションは複数回指定できます。
-
--8bit-encoding=<encoding> -
When encountering a non-ASCII message or subject that does not declare its encoding, add headers/quoting to indicate it is encoded in <encoding>. Default is the value of the
sendemail.assume8bitEncoding; if that is unspecified, this will be prompted for if any non-ASCII files are encountered.注意:エンコーディングを検証する試みは一切行われないことに注意してください。
-
--compose-encoding=<encoding> -
Specify encoding of compose message. Default is the value of the
sendemail.composeEncoding; if that is unspecified, UTF-8 is assumed. -
--transfer-encoding=(7bit|8bit|quoted-printable|base64|auto) -
Specify the transfer encoding to be used to send the message over SMTP.
7bitwill fail upon encountering a non-ASCII message.quoted-printablecan be useful when the repository contains files that contain carriage returns, but makes the raw patch email file (as saved from an MUA) much harder to inspect manually.base64is even more fool proof, but also even more opaque.autowill use8bitwhen possible, andquoted-printableotherwise.デフォルトは、
sendemail.transferEncoding構成値です。 それが指定されていない場合、デフォルトはautoです。 -
--xmailer -
--no-xmailer -
Add (or prevent adding) the
X-Mailer:header. By default, the header is added, but it can be turned off by setting thesendemail.xmailerconfiguration variable tofalse.
電子メール送信
-
--envelope-sender=<address> -
Specify the envelope sender used to send the emails. This is useful if your default address is not the address that is subscribed to a list. In order to use the
Fromaddress, set the value toauto. If you use thesendmailbinary, you must have suitable privileges for the-fparameter. Default is the value of thesendemail.envelopeSenderconfiguration variable; if that is unspecified, choosing the envelope sender is left to your MTA. -
--sendmail-cmd=<command> -
Specify a command to run to send the email. The command should be sendmail-like; specifically, it must support the
-ioption. The command will be executed in the shell if necessary. Default is the value ofsendemail.sendmailCmd. If unspecified, and if--smtp-serveris also unspecified,gitsend-emailwill search forsendmailin/usr/sbin,/usr/liband$PATH. -
--smtp-encryption=<encryption> -
Specify in what way encrypting begins for the SMTP connection. Valid values are
sslandtls. Any other value reverts to plain (unencrypted) SMTP, which defaults to port 25. Despite the names, both values will use the same newer version of TLS, but for historic reasons have these names.sslrefers to "implicit" encryption (sometimes called SMTPS), that uses port 465 by default.tlsrefers to "explicit" encryption (often known as STARTTLS), that uses port 25 by default. Other ports might be used by the SMTP server, which are not the default. Commonly found alternative port fortlsand unencrypted is 587. You need to check your provider’s documentation or your server configuration to make sure for your own case. Default is the value ofsendemail.smtpEncryption. -
--smtp-domain=<FQDN> -
Specifies the Fully Qualified Domain Name (FQDN) used in the HELO/EHLO command to the SMTP server. Some servers require the FQDN to match your IP address. If not set,
gitsend-emailattempts to determine your FQDN automatically. Default is the value ofsendemail.smtpDomain. -
--smtp-auth=<mechanisms> -
許可されたSMTP-AUTHメカニズムの空白で区切られた(Whitespace-separated)リスト。 この設定は、リストされたメカニズムのみを使用するように強制します。 例:
$ git send-email --smtp-auth="PLAIN LOGIN GSSAPI" ...If at least one of the specified mechanisms matches the ones advertised by the SMTP server and if it is supported by the utilized SASL library, the mechanism is used for authentication. If neither
sendemail.smtpAuthnor--smtp-authis specified, all mechanisms supported by the SASL library can be used. The special valuenonemaybe specified to completely disable authentication independently of--smtp-user. -
--smtp-pass[=<password>] -
SMTP-AUTHのパスワード。 引数はオプションです。引数が指定されていない場合は、空の文字列がパスワードとして使用されます。 デフォルトは
sendemail.smtpPassの値ですが、--smtp-passは常にsendemail.smtpPassの値を上書きします。Furthermore, passwords need not be specified in configuration files or on the command line. If a username has been specified (with
--smtp-useror asendemail.smtpUser), but no password has been specified (with--smtp-passorsendemail.smtpPass), then a password is obtained using git-credential(1). -
--no-smtp-auth -
Disable SMTP authentication. Short hand for
--smtp-auth=none. -
--smtp-server=<host> -
If set, specifies the outgoing SMTP server to use (e.g.
smtp.example.comor a raw IP address). If unspecified, and if--sendmail-cmdis also unspecified, the default is to search forsendmailin/usr/sbin,/usr/liband$PATHif such a program is available, falling back tolocalhostotherwise.下位互換性のために、このオプションでは、代わりにsendmailのようなプログラムの絶対パス名を指定することもできます。 プログラムは
-iオプションをサポートする必要があります。 このメソッドは、引数の受け渡しや平文コマンド名の使用をサポートしていません。 これらの場合には、代わりに--sendmail-cmdの使用を検討してください。 -
--smtp-server-port=<port> -
Specifies a port different from the default port (SMTP servers typically listen to smtp port 25, but may also listen to submission port 587, or the common SSL smtp port 465); symbolic port names (e.g.
submissioninstead of 587) are also accepted. The port can also be set with thesendemail.smtpServerPortconfiguration variable. -
--smtp-server-option=<option> -
設定されている場合、使用する送信SMTPサーバーオプションを指定します。 デフォルト値は、
sendemail.smtpServerOption構成オプションで指定できます。The
--smtp-server-optionoption must be repeated for each option you want to pass to the server. Likewise, different lines in the configuration files must be used for each option. -
--smtp-ssl -
Legacy alias for
--smtp-encryptionssl. -
--smtp-ssl-cert-path -
Path to a store of trusted CA certificates for SMTP SSL/TLS certificate validation (either a directory that has been processed by
c_rehash, or a single file containing one or more PEM format certificates concatenated together: see the description of the-CAfile<file> and the-CApath<dir> options of https://docs.openssl.org/master/man1/openssl-verify/ [OpenSSL’s verify(1) manual page] for more information on these). Set it to an empty string to disable certificate verification. Defaults to the value of thesendemail.smtpSSLCertPathconfiguration variable, if set, or the backing SSL library’s compiled-in default otherwise (which should be the best choice on most platforms). -
--smtp-user=<user> -
SMTP-AUTHのユーザー名。 デフォルトは
sendemail.smtpUserの値です。 (--smtp-userまたはsendemail.smtpUserで)ユーザー名が指定されていない場合、認証は試行されません。 -
--smtp-debug=(0|1) -
デバッグ出力を有効(1)または無効(0)にします。 有効にすると、SMTPコマンドとその応答が出力されます。 TLS接続と認証の問題をデバッグするのに役立ちます。
-
--imap-sent-folder=<folder> -
Some email providers (e.g. iCloud) do not send a copy of the emails sent using SMTP to the
Sentfolder or similar in your mailbox. Use this option to usegitimap-sendto send a copy of the emails to the folder specified using this option. You can rungitimap-send--listto get a list of valid folder names, including the correct name of theSentfolder in your mailbox. You can also use this option to send emails to a dedicated IMAP folder of your choice.This feature requires setting up
gitimap-send. See git-imap-send(1) for instructions. -
--use-imap-only -
--no-use-imap-only -
If this is set, all emails will only be copied to the IMAP folder specified with
--imap-sent-folderorsendemail.imapSentFolderand will not be sent to the recipients. Useful if you just want to create a draft of the emails and use another email client to send them. If disabled with--no-use-imap-only, the emails will be sent like usual. Disabled by default, but thesendemail.useImapOnlyconfiguration variable can be used to enable it.
+
This feature requires setting up git imap-send. See git-imap-send(1) for instructions.
-
--batch-size=<num> -
Some email servers (e.g. smtp.163.com) limit the number of emails to be sent per session (connection) and this will lead to a failure when sending many messages. With this option, send-email will disconnect after sending <num> messages and wait for a few seconds (see
--relogin-delay) and reconnect, to work around such a limit. You may want to use some form of credential helper to avoid having to retype your password every time this happens. Defaults to thesendemail.smtpBatchSizeconfiguration variable. -
--relogin-delay=<int> -
Waiting <int> seconds before reconnecting to SMTP server. Used together with
--batch-sizeoption. Defaults to thesendemail.smtpReloginDelayconfiguration variable.
自動化
-
--no-to -
--no-cc -
--no-bcc -
Clears any list of
To:,Cc:,Bcc:addresses previously set via config. -
--no-identity -
configで設定された
sendemail.identityから読み取られた値があるならば、その値をクリアします。 -
--to-cmd=<command> -
Specify a command to execute once per patch file which should generate patch file specific
To:entries. Output of this command must be single email address per line. Default is the value ofsendemail.toCmdconfiguration value. -
--cc-cmd=<command> -
Specify a command to execute once per patch file which should generate patch file specific
Cc:entries. Output of this command must be single email address per line. Default is the value ofsendemail.ccCmdconfiguration value. -
--header-cmd=<command> -
Specify a command that is executed once per outgoing message and output RFC 2822 style header lines to be inserted into them. When the
sendemail.headerCmdconfiguration variable is set, its value is always used. When--header-cmdis provided at the command line, its value takes precedence over thesendemail.headerCmdconfiguration variable. -
--no-header-cmd -
使用中のヘッダー・コマンドを無効にします。
-
--chain-reply-to -
--no-chain-reply-to -
If this is set, each email will be sent as a reply to the previous email sent. If disabled with
--no-chain-reply-to, all emails after the first will be sent as replies to the first email sent. When using this, it is recommended that the first file given be an overview of the entire patch series. Disabled by default, but thesendemail.chainReplyToconfiguration variable can be used to enable it. -
--identity=<identity> -
A configuration identity. When given, causes values in the
sendemail.<identity> subsection to take precedence over values in thesendemailsection. The default identity is the value ofsendemail.identity. -
--signed-off-by-cc -
--no-signed-off-by-cc -
If this is set, add emails found in the
Signed-off-bytrailer orCc:lines to the cc list. Default is the value ofsendemail.signedOffByCcconfiguration value; if that is unspecified, default to--signed-off-by-cc. -
--cc-cover -
--no-cc-cover -
If this is set, emails found in
Cc:headers in the first patch of the series (typically the cover letter) are added to the cc list for each email set. Default is the value ofsendemail.ccCoverconfiguration value; if that is unspecified, default to--no-cc-cover. -
--to-cover -
--no-to-cover -
If this is set, emails found in
To:headers in the first patch of the series (typically the cover letter) are added to the to list for each email set. Default is the value ofsendemail.toCoverconfiguration value; if that is unspecified, default to--no-to-cover. -
--suppress-cc=<category> -
自動CC(auto-cc)を抑制するために、以下の追加受信者カテゴリを指定します:
-
authorwill avoid including the patch author. -
selfwill avoid including the sender. -
ccwill avoid including anyone mentioned in Cc lines in the patch header except for self (useselffor that). -
bodyccwill avoid including anyone mentioned in Cc lines in the patch body (commit message) except for self (useselffor that). -
sobwill avoid including anyone mentioned in the Signed-off-by trailers except for self (useselffor that). -
misc-bywill avoid including anyone mentioned in Acked-by, Reviewed-by, Tested-by and other "-by" lines in the patch body, except Signed-off-by (usesobfor that). -
cccmdwill avoid running the --cc-cmd. -
bodyis equivalent tosob+bodycc+misc-by. -
allwill suppress all auto cc values.
Default is the value of
sendemail.suppressCcconfiguration value; if that is unspecified, default toselfif--suppress-fromis specified, as well asbodyif--no-signed-off-ccis specified. -
-
--suppress-from -
--no-suppress-from -
If this is set, do not add the
From:address to theCc:list. Default is the value ofsendemail.suppressFromconfiguration value; if that is unspecified, default to--no-suppress-from. -
--thread -
--no-thread -
If this is set, the
In-Reply-ToandReferencesheaders will be added to each email sent. Whether each mail refers to the previous email (deepthreading pergitformat-patchwording) or to the first email (shallowthreading) is governed by--[no-]chain-reply-to.If disabled with
--no-thread, those headers will not be added (unless specified with--in-reply-to). Default is the value of thesendemail.threadconfiguration value; if that is unspecified, default to--thread.It is up to the user to ensure that no In-Reply-To header already exists when
gitsend-emailis asked to add it (especially note thatgitformat-patchcan be configured to do the threading itself). Failure to do so may not produce the expected result in the recipient’s MUA. -
--mailmap -
--no-mailmap -
Use the mailmap file (see gitmailmap(5)) to map all addresses to their canonical real name and email address. Additional mailmap data specific to
gitsend-emailmay be provided using thesendemail.mailmap.fileorsendemail.mailmap.blobconfiguration values. Defaults tosendemail.mailmap.
管理
-
--confirm=<mode> -
送信する直前に確認(confirm)します:
-
alwayswill always confirm before sending. -
neverwill never confirm before sending. -
ccwill confirm before sending when send-email has automatically added addresses from the patch to the Cc list. -
composewill confirm before sending the first message when using --compose. -
autois equivalent tocc+compose.
Default is the value of
sendemail.confirmconfiguration value; if that is unspecified, default toautounless any of the suppress options have been specified, in which case default tocompose. -
-
--dry-run -
実際にメールを送信する以外はすべて行います。
-
--format-patch -
--no-format-patch -
When an argument may be understood either as a reference or as a file name, choose to understand it as a format-patch argument (
--format-patch) or as a file name (--no-format-patch). By default, when such a conflict occurs,gitsend-emailwill fail. -
--quiet -
Make
gitsend-emailless verbose. One line per email should be all that is output. -
--validate -
--no-validate -
パッチの健全性チェックを実行します。 現状、検証(validation)とは以下のことを意味します:
-
sendemail-validate フックが存在する場合はそれを呼び出します(githooks(5) 参照)。
-
Warn of patches that contain lines longer than 998 characters unless a suitable transfer encoding (
auto,base64, orquoted-printable) is used; this is due to SMTP limits as described by https://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc5322.txt.
デフォルトは
sendemail.validateの値です。 これが設定されていない場合、デフォルトは--validateになります。 -
-
--force -
安全チェックで防止できる場合でも、電子メールを送信してください。
情報
-
--dump-aliases -
Instead of the normal operation, dump the shorthand alias names from the configured alias file(s), one per line in alphabetical order. Note that this only includes the alias name and not its expanded email addresses. See
sendemail.aliasesFilefor more information about aliases. -
--translate-aliases -
Instead of the normal operation, read from standard input and interpret each line as an email alias. Translate it according to the configured alias file(s). Output each translated name and email address to standard output, one per line. See
sendemail.aliasFilefor more information about aliases.
CONFIGURATION
このセクションの以下のすべては、 git-config(1) ドキュメントの抜粋です。 内容は git-config(1) ドキュメント にあるものと同一です:
- sendemail.identity
-
構成ID。 指定すると、
sendemail.<identity> サブセクションの値がsendemailセクションの値よりも優先されます。 デフォルトのIDは、 `sendemail.identity`の値です。 - sendemail.smtpEncryption
-
説明については、 git-send-email(1) を参照してください。 注意: この設定は
identityメカニズムの対象ではないことに注意してください。 - sendemail.smtpSSLCertPath
-
ca-certificatesへのパス(ディレクトリまたは単一ファイルのどちらか)。 証明書の検証を無効にするには、空の文字列に設定します。
- sendemail.<identity>.*
-
以下の
sendemail.*パラメータのID固有のバージョン。コマンドラインまたはsendemail.identityのいずれかを使用して、このIDが選択された場合のパラメータよりも優先されます。 - sendemail.multiEdit
-
true(デフォルト) の場合、編集する必要があるファイルを編集するために単一のエディター・インスタンスが生成されます(--annotateが使用されている場合はパッチ、--composeが使用されている場合は要約)。falseの場合、ファイルは次々に編集され、そのたびに新しいエディター・インスタンスが生成されます。 - sendemail.confirm
-
送信前に確認するかどうかのデフォルトを設定します。
alwaysまたはneverまたはccまたはcomposeまたはautoのいずれかでなければなりません。 これらの値の意味については、 git-send-email(1) ドキュメントの--confirmを参照してください。 - sendemail.mailmap
-
trueの場合 git-send-email(1) は--mailmapを想定し、 それ以外の場合は--no-mailmapを想定します。 デフォルトではfalseです。 - sendemail.mailmap.file
-
git-send-email(1) 固有の拡張メールマップ(mailmap)・ファイルの場所。 デフォルトのメールマップと
mailmap.fileが最初にロードされます。 したがって、 このファイル内のエントリは、 デフォルトのメールマップの場所(locations)内のエントリよりも優先されます。 gitmailmap(5) を参照してください。 - sendemail.mailmap.blob
-
sendemail.mailmap.fileと似ていますが、 値はリポジトリ内の BLOB への参照として考慮されます。sendemail.mailmap.file内のエントリは、 このエントリより優先されます。 gitmailmap(5) を参照してください。 - sendemail.aliasesFile
-
長い電子メール・アドレスのタイピングを回避するには、1 つまたは複数の電子メール・エイリアス・ファイルを指定します。
sendemail.aliasFileTypeも指定する必要があります。 - sendemail.aliasFileType
-
sendemail.aliasesFileで指定されたファイルの形式。mutt,mailrc,pine,elm,gnus,sendmailのいずれかでなければなりません。各形式のエイリアス・ファイルがどのようなものかは、同名の電子メール・プログラムのドキュメントに記載されています。 標準フォーマットとの相違点と制限事項は以下のとおりです:
- sendmail
-
-
引用エイリアス(quoted aliases)と引用アドレス(quoted addresses)はサポートされていません。 " 記号を含む行は無視されます。
-
ファイル(
/path/name)またはパイプ(|command)へのリダイレクトはサポートされていません。 -
ファイル・インクルード(
:include:/path/name)はサポートされていません。 -
明示的にサポートされていない構造(constructs)、およびパーサーによって認識されないその他の行については、警告が標準エラー出力に出力されます。
-
- sendemail.annotate
- sendemail.bcc
- sendemail.cc
- sendemail.ccCmd
- sendemail.chainReplyTo
- sendemail.envelopeSender
- sendemail.from
- sendemail.headerCmd
- sendemail.signedOffByCc
- sendemail.smtpPass
- sendemail.suppressCc
- sendemail.suppressFrom
- sendemail.to
- sendemail.toCmd
- sendemail.smtpDomain
- sendemail.smtpServer
- sendemail.smtpServerPort
- sendemail.smtpServerOption
- sendemail.smtpUser
- sendemail.imapSentFolder
- sendemail.useImapOnly
- sendemail.thread
- sendemail.transferEncoding
- sendemail.validate
- sendemail.xmailer
-
これらの構成変数はすべて、git-send-email(1) コマンドライン・オプションのデフォルトを提供します。 詳細については、そのドキュメントを参照してください。
- sendemail.outlookidfix
-
trueに設定すると、 git-send-email(1) が--outlook-id-fixを指定したものとみなします。falseに設定すると、--no-outlook-id-fixを指定したものとみなします。 指定されていない場合、--outlook-id-fixを指定しなかった場合と同一の振る舞いになります。 - sendemail.signedOffCc (非推奨)
-
sendemail.signedOffByCcの非推奨のエイリアス。 - sendemail.smtpBatchSize
-
接続ごとに送信されるメッセージの数。その後、再ログインが発生します。 値が
0または未定義の場合、すべてのメッセージを1つの接続で送信します。 git-send-email(1) の--batch-sizeオプションも参照してください。 - sendemail.smtpReloginDelay
-
SMTP サーバーに再接続する前に待機する秒数。 git-send-email(1)の
--relogin-delayオプションも参照してください。 - sendemail.forbidSendmailVariables
-
一般的な設定ミスを回避するために、 git-send-email(1) は、
sendmailの設定オプションが存在する場合、警告とともに中止します。 チェックをバイパスするには、この変数を設定します。
EXAMPLES OF SMTP SERVERS
Use Gmail as the SMTP Server
To use git send-email to send your patches through the Gmail SMTP server, edit ~/.gitconfig to specify your account settings:
[sendemail]
smtpEncryption = ssl
smtpServer = smtp.gmail.com
smtpUser = yourname@gmail.com
smtpServerPort = 465
Gmail does not allow using your regular password for git send-email. If you have multi-factor authentication set up on your Gmail account, you can generate an app-specific password for use with git send-email. Visit https://security.google.com/settings/security/apppasswords to create it.
Alternatively, instead of using an app-specific password, you can use OAuth2.0 authentication with Gmail. OAuth2.0 is more secure than app-specific passwords, and works regardless of whether you have multi-factor authentication set up. OAUTHBEARER and XOAUTH2 are common mechanisms used for this type of authentication. Gmail supports both of them. As an example, if you want to use OAUTHBEARER, edit your ~/.gitconfig file and add smtpAuth = OAUTHBEARER to your account settings:
[sendemail]
smtpEncryption = ssl
smtpServer = smtp.gmail.com
smtpUser = yourname@gmail.com
smtpServerPort = 465
smtpAuth = OAUTHBEARER
Another alternative is using a tool developed by Google known as sendgmail to send emails using git send-email.
Use Microsoft Outlook as the SMTP Server
Unlike Gmail, Microsoft Outlook no longer supports app-specific passwords. Therefore, OAuth2.0 authentication must be used for Outlook. Also, it only supports XOAUTH2 authentication mechanism.
Edit ~/.gitconfig to specify your account settings for Outlook and use its SMTP server with git send-email:
[sendemail]
smtpEncryption = tls
smtpServer = smtp.office365.com
smtpUser = yourname@outlook.com
smtpServerPort = 587
smtpAuth = XOAUTH2
SENDING PATCHES
あなたのコミットをメーリングリストに送信する準備ができたら、以下のコマンドを実行します:
$ git format-patch --cover-letter -M origin/master -o outgoing/
$ edit outgoing/0000-*
$ git send-email outgoing/*
The first time you run it, you will be prompted for your credentials. Enter the app-specific or your regular password as appropriate.
If you have a credential helper configured (see git-credential(1)), the password will be saved in the credential store so you won’t have to type it the next time.
If you are using OAuth2.0 authentication, you need to use an access token in place of a password when prompted. Various OAuth2.0 token generators are available online. Community maintained credential helpers are also available:
-
git-credential-gmail (cross platform, dedicated helper for authenticating Gmail accounts)
-
git-credential-outlook (cross platform, dedicated helper for authenticating Microsoft Outlook accounts)
-
git-credential-yahoo (cross platform, dedicated helper for authenticating Yahoo accounts)
-
git-credential-aol (cross platform, dedicated helper for authenticating AOL accounts)
You can also see gitcredentials(7) for more OAuth based authentication helpers.
Proton Mail does not provide an SMTP server to send emails. If you are a paid customer of Proton Mail, you can use Proton Mail Bridge officially provided by Proton Mail to create a local SMTP server for sending emails. For both free and paid users, community maintained projects like git-protonmail can be used.
Note: the following core Perl modules that may be installed with your distribution of Perl are required:
These additional Perl modules are also required:
Exploiting the sendmailCmd option of git send-email
Apart from sending emails via an SMTP server, git send-email can also send emails through any application that supports sendmail-like commands. You can read documentation of --sendmail-cmd=<command> above for more information. This ability can be very useful if you want to use another application as an SMTP client for git send-email, or if your email provider uses proprietary APIs instead of SMTP to send emails.
As an example, lets see how to configure msmtp, a popular SMTP client found in many Linux distributions. Edit ~/.gitconfig to instruct git-send-email to use it for sending emails.
[sendemail]
sendmailCmd = /usr/bin/msmtp # Change this to the path where msmtp is installed
Links of a few such community maintained helpers are:
-
msmtp (popular SMTP client with many features, available for Linux and macOS)
-
git-protonmail (cross platform client that can send emails using the ProtonMail API)
-
git-msgraph (cross platform client that can send emails using the Microsoft Graph API)
SEE ALSO
git-format-patch(1), git-imap-send(1), mbox(5)
GIT
Part of the git(1) suite